Tuesday, January 25, 2011

What Does Frostbite Paw Of A Dog Look Like

By Samuel Ruiz ✟ J'tatik

With
his death the Church lost a landmark and society a figure of moral and ethical responsibility,
which exercised its mission from a church service in the world, not a self-serving Church same,
to be protected, and arranges silent power.
was a man free.

Don Samuel Ruiz Garcia , born on November 3, 1924 in Irapuato, Guanajuato, son of braceros who worked in the fields of U.S. [ 2], everlasting bishop emeritus of Mexican Catholicism, died on the morning of 24 January (2011). His work was distinguished by its remarkable tendency to protect the marginalized and the poor, particularly indigenous people, including the poorest of the poor and marginalized among the marginalized.

At 13 he entered a seminary, which he began his career of religious consecration ... A decade later would have the opportunity to travel to Rome and a doctorate there. In 1959-he was barely 35 years old, was named Bishop of San Cristobal las Casas, Chiapas, diocese located in one of the most impoverished Mexico. From 1965 he headed the episcopal discipline was to mark his path: the Commission for Indigenous Peoples. Five years later took charge of redirecting the course of the commission, instead of treating the Indians as an object of indoctrination, to serve as a transcendental staff development and release deed by which the father was and be-recognized as a champion of the channel's ideological Liberation Theology [3] ... the Roman Curia does not endorse and instead to brake.

Don Samuel Ruiz was highly esteemed among his flock, he earned the epithet " bishop of the Indians and the poor " and was known as fraternal or Tatic J'tatik which means "father" in Tzotzil [3]. Supported by enabling indigenous expressions in the sacred celebrations colorful traditional rituals, as well as marimba music to spice mass. He spoke dialects indigenous Tzeltal, Tzotzil, and Chol Tojolabal, the universal language English, French, Italian, German and English, and the ancient Latin, Greek and Hebrew.

occurred in 1988 taking the reins of the state of Chiapas by Patrocinio Gonzalez Garrido, whose regime was marked by the criminalization of social movements [2] as an excuse to spread the aggression and repression. The establishment of an authoritarian government may hurried to the bishop to found an institution whose object was to curb the excesses and injustices of the weakest, because just a year after the Human Rights Center Fray Bartolomé de las Casas was a reality. By the way, that agency is today an example for other non-governmental organizations (NGOs ) that protect vulnerable groups.

Don Samuel Ruiz in 1993 issued a pastoral letter entitled In This Hour of Grace particularly relevant because a general complaint, and even dare I say visionary, the disadvantaged position of Indians in the socio-economic roles preset neoliberalism. It is somewhat remarkable that a church member named 'dome hegemonic system in letters ... and more so that analyze and criticize resolved explicitly. Another peculiarity of letter is placed in the hands of Pope John Paul II just four months before the eruption neozapatismo armed.

The prelate became interested in indigenous, as we have seen, is equally interested in Central American refugees, specifically those fleeing disasters in Guatemala, showing his desire to alleviate the suffering of the unfortunate regardless of their origin. An estimated 40 thousand Guatemalans have benefited from the philanthropic pragmatism of Bishop Ruiz [2].

It was 1995 when his

name was illuminated by the media spotlight when he was appointed, at the express request of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN ) - as a mediator between the guerrilla organization and the Mexican State. In light of this conflict was one of the signatories of the historic San Andrés Accords . The administration of Ernesto Zedillo cleric accused of promoting an "ideology of violence" by supporting community movements and uprisings considered nests [3] [4]. He was even accused of having prior knowledge of the Zapatistas' armed awakening, a charge denied by the far from religious, some so confirmed in his writings after [2]. In 1998 withdrew its mediation claiming harassment by the government.

From Acteal Massacre, a consequence of violence unleashed against the ruling that "smell" the EZLN, Don Samuel Ruiz, in full function of his diocese, went to the funeral of the victims [5]. The souls of 15 children, 21 women and 9 men were fired at the funeral ceremony, all were part of the community of Bees .

In 2008, the same clerk is elected by the Popular Revolutionary Army (EPR ) for be a member of the mediation table between them and the federal government.

Bishop Emeritus received during intense road map several awards honoring his work for the achievement of peace and equality, we were awarded prizes such as Simón Bolívar abutments, awarded by UNESCO. Has twice been validated by thousands of signatures to run for the famous Nobel Peace Prize, but the governments of Mexico, USA and Vatican prevented the show as a worthy candidate [6] ... The reasons? I guess they did not want to show how meritorious his indifference to the system prevailing in the political, economic and social ...

Before finish this entry I can not omit two important texts, one for its relevance and another for his emotion. Come then. The

thought conspicuous (full text given in [7]):

I can not, on the other hand, stop watch and noted the resurgence of some negative consequences brought by the dominant neo-liberal system: Globalization has been lorded by models of the economy and politics that, unbound by ethics, sharpen and deepen economic inequality injustice. The current ruling structures have brought frustration, exclusion and death for most peoples. Having also introduced the demagogic war unacceptable and called "defensive", it caused serious deterioration of human rights and humanity as such, reducing or weakening the international body aimed at ensuring peace. This destructive referrals are present on every continent, with an increasing flow of migration and the evidence that the promise of significantly reducing poverty, are far from satisfied. These effects overshadow the world stage, increasing the dependence of some countries to others are signs of death.

Nobody can feel more sadness than those and containers that were filled of the goodness of Tatic , is the full text of the letter by which the bees goodbye to his friend, protector and teacher [8]:

Jtotik Samuel

Here we come to see you, come to visit your body, speak to your soul. You and you left, you left the earth, and not eat more sweet and sour. Our Creator, our Maker, we are called to rest, because I did what you had to do. Jtotik Samuel, here we were still your children, your daughters. We will hike, we're going to continue fighting for our rights, peace and justice. Of course, if we'd learned, if you had not lived with us and we would not know defense. If you had not come here to Chiapas, continue to live as slaves, blind and subordinated by the bad government.

Jtotik Thanks Samuel, our Father-Mother God gave you 86 years of life. God gave you a big heart and soul. Never scared to fight against the powerful. Never were afraid to arms. The obstacles you put the powerful, could you all beat.

you going to the place where God called you Dad, Mom; but your spirit, all the work that you taught us and shared here are in our communities and in our thoughts and heart.

We the Civil Society Organization Bees please you for teaching us much to strive for peaceful and fought via Jesus. Thank you for teaching theology India, thanks for the Theology of Liberation.

Jtotik Samuel, you go, but you remain in our hearts. You go, but the fruits of your work here will give more fruit. The Organization of Bees is an example of those many fruits of your labor. Thanks Samuel Jtotik no longer walk bent. Since we do not lower your head to the "powerful", thank you.

Jtotik, we ask many apologies if you do not take big, if sometimes we do not behave well with you. We apologize for everything. Jtotik you are our brother, you are our Father, you are our Grandfather. You are an example of a great keeper of the oppressed people and organized.

Jtotik Samuel Walker Mayab, has now embarked on a journey, here we are to ask the Ajau easily lead you to where you called. We know that Father-Mother God there waiting for you now.

Jtotik Samuel, we ask that we not forget that when talking to our Father-Mother God greet our party. Please tell the slaughter of Acteal remains unpunished. Jtotik Samuel, brother, father, grandfather, we hope to meet again in the house of our Father-Mother God, with our Martyrs Acteal.

Fraternally
Voice of Civil Society Organization "Bees"

Gloria men that ignores the pleas of the egotism and putting the common good to their own!

Notes and sources:
  1. Samuel Ruiz will be fired today for his people, the indigenous - Ariane Diaz, Mariana Chavez and Rubicel Morelos, La Jornada: http://www.jornada.unam.mx / 2011/01/25/index.php? section = policy & article = 002n1pol
  2. Samuel Ruiz will always be the Indians J'tatik -Elio Henriquez, CP; Cuarto Poder: http: / / cuartopoder.mx / / PagPrincipal_Noticia.aspx? SecureIDNews = 223474 & idNoticiaSeccion = 4 & idNoticiaSubseccion = 16
  3. Samuel Ruiz, "bishop of the Indians' and a symbol of liberation theology - AFP; Gigante.com: http://www.gigante.com/contentroot/wirefeeds/noticias/8350775.shtml
  4. Samuel Ruiz García - Wikipedia: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Ruiz_Garc% C3% ADa
  5. Samuel Ruiz - Wikipedia (in English): http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki / Samuel_Ruiz
  6. Profile: Samuel Ruiz Garcia, Tatic - Óscar Gutiérrez; Cedoc, El Universal: http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/739525.html
  7. Full text the letter of Bishop Samuel Ruiz of the Supreme Pontiff New Hour of Grace - SICSAL. it: http://www.sicsal.it/testi/cartapastoral.htm
  8. Jtotik Samuel, God gave you soul and big heart - Bees Acteal http://acteal.blogspot.com/2011/01/jtotik-samuel-dios-te-dio-un-alma-y.html
  9. Walking of a theologian to the release of the most needy - La Jornada: http://www.jornada.unam.mx/ultimas/2011/01/24/semblanza-del-obispo-samuel-ruiz

Saturday, January 22, 2011

Eagle Scooter Wheels Factory

The priest who became president

"The solution is revolution, first in the spirit of the Gospel, Jesus could not accept that the people go hungry.
is a conflict between classes, between rich and poor. My job is to preach and organize ...». [1]

Today we talk about Jean-Claude Duvalier, the former dictator he was allowed, after years of exile, return to the nation that ruled with an iron fist and even deadly. This news made me recall another president of Haiti, the first to be democratically elected, who, unlike Duvalier's son, remains in exile. Your name: Jean-Bertrand Aristide .

Aristide, born in 1953, a peasant's son lost his father while still very small, therefore, to their upbringing and education, his mother decided to resort to the piety of the Catholic order of Salesians , known for its assistance to the poor. As a direct result of their training sacred, at thirteen years entrains toward the priesthood. While still young he had close dealings with Ti Legliz , whose religious ideal and its behavior, strongly attached to those of Liberation Theology, influenced him forever. In the late 70's had the opportunity to conduct a radio show means to spread seized his criticism of the last Duvalier, the dictator "Baby Doc ." In his program continually denounced the outrages of the armed wing of it, formed by the Volunteers for National Security or Leopards (similar to the dreaded Tonton Macoute of his father). They were the first steps of religious and political opposition. Tutors

recognizing the insatiable hunger for knowledge of his ward, they managed to continue his studies abroad, having the good fortune to attend courses in remote places like Europe and the Middle East. For his dedication and his many trips he learned to speak several languages-English, English, hebreo, italiano, alemán y portugués-, de su natal Haití obtuvo tanto el creolé , idioma de los humildes, como el francés, preferido por los «distinguidos». Acerca de la jornada educativa referida también se maneja la versión de que fue un ardid de la alta jerarquía eclesiástica para sacar al ministro del medio y así interrumpir sus protestas [2].

Ya de regreso en Haití (en 1985), la orden lo puso a cargo de una parroquia en la densa comarca de La Saline . Sus singulares sermones lo popularizaron, cada vez más personas se sumaban a su feligresía, que tal vez descubrían en la voz del padre una alegoría de what would be his own if not silenced by the state terrorism. Soon the fame of Father Aristide, known as Titid or Titid ("little Aristide" in Creole ) [1], went beyond the boundaries of his place and covered the entire nation. His words, the fruits of his mind, went to graze their actions, exemplary in this vein was his effort to found an orphanage that sheltered homeless children.

protest his speeches, his continued call for peaceful protest and resistance ... may well be heavy enough to contribute to the exacerbation popular, which later became in sturdy revolt. In 1986, the insurrection triumphed and Jean-Claude Duvalier, left the order by the U.S., was driven to flee abroad. Not with this fall's speech Father Aristide changed his tone lofty as the military court, General Henri Namphy in command, had a sort recognized Duvalier. The high command Church made another attempt to curb the activism of his subordinate, they wanted to move to a much less populous jurisdiction, however his effort after working in the opposite direction, those loyal to Aristide, to learn of plans to remove its pastor, went so far as to call a hunger strike. Consequently, the Catholic leaders threw back their plans and the father returned to take control of his parish with the spirit strengthened.

The leadership of the pastor, dangerous to authoritarianism, became the target of several attacks. One occurred in 1987. The vehicle he was traveling in was burned but managed to escape unharmed. The most infamous attack occurred on September 11, 1988. A group of armed men took the parish at the time of the mass. The priest again escaped unhurt but his congregation did not run with the same fate: 13 people were killed and around 70 others injured [3]. The tragedy was followed by a wave of anger away from the pacifism preached by Aristide. The Church, shocked, Aristide sent a document asking him to move to Canada, even cornered by his superiors, the father did not budge. Catholic authority, but not the father defied , knowing the popular support in his favor, he revoked his priestly guarantees, making it impossible to return to profess the priesthood. The father had some cards to play before the inflexible mandate secured, but the benefits envisioned that the situation could bring him and obeyed. So he was released from his responsibilities for the Church and could participate fully in social activism, and even in politics.

continued in the renovated road con su oposición y crítica a la tiranía, esta vez representada por quien había tomado el poder tras la caída de Namphy, el también militar Prosper Avril . Tras la caída de éste, la sucesión castrense no se vio suspendida, el general Hérard Abraham vino a tomar las riendas de la nación.

En 1990 la presidenta interina Ertha Pascal-Trouillot convocó a elecciones presidenciales, las primeras libres desde 1804, y a Aristide se le ofreció la candidatura de una amalgama de fuerzas izquierdistas denominada Lavalas , la que aceptó. Arrasó en la contienda con cerca del 67% de los votos [3]. Su administración benefited the masses with a series of initiatives for adult literacy, eliminate government corruption and uphold human rights. From a month before his seizure of power began attempts to overthrow the conservatives. The first was directed by Roger Lafontant , who was head of the feared son Duvalier's repressive forces. This initiative could hit and several subsequent be tackled by the military loyal to the elected Government. The priest and politician, once established in office, reduced his leftist rhetoric and agreed to terms with the hegemony, especially with the U.S. and France. It is proposed to obtain the support of powerful nations to alleviate these poverty prevailing in the country. Just take a look at the statistics for a glimpse of the deplorable situation: life expectancy was 56 years, infant mortality was lying in nearly 1 in 10 children, adult illiteracy was about 53% and GDP Annual per capita was only U.S. $ 400 [3]. International lending agencies-whether they Monetary Fund (IMF), Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) or whatever, responded positively to requests for aid and investment began to bear fruit collected. The oligarchy, who saw with horror the possible removal of privileges granted by the corrupt previous regimes, began working against the government "populist" of Aristide. Rife rumors that another coup was warm ... Some law enforcement officers mutinied, several rebels were apprehended, the opponents reached their committed eight months later, a coup led by General Raoul Cedras left the core of Staff and oust Aristide. Thirty people were killed in the assault [3]. Under the duress of the coup ousted President took a plane bound irrevocable exile for three years. Following the coup, the perpetrators were imposed as President Judge Joseph Nérette . The countries that sympathized with the Aristide government ilk stressed the self-imposed dictatorial government and demanded the restoration of deposed democratic presidency. In a sort of irony, the Vatican was the only entity recognized the assailant government [2] (instead of, perhaps, the only head of state priest), in contrast, organizations like the OAS passed the sentence to action they agreed to a trade embargo, the United States did its part and within its jurisdiction froze accounts and assets of wealthy Haitians. Aristide enjoined his countrymen to resist to the end ... but always in a peaceful manner, in contrast, illegitimate government reactions were far from any pacifism: unabated killings with a political background and the violent repression of any demonstration. The government could no longer sustain the force for longer. In February 1993 he had only resigned to accept the intervention of multinational peacekeeping forces. A week later it seemed that the president's powers were returning to their true owner ..., however, found that there was something more than a simulation, to capture that trading conditions were unacceptable, including the imposition of a Prime Minister and a supreme military validated by the government in retreat. The UN, to be deceived more embargoes decreed, their accumulation became a worsening of the crisis, which, according to Aristide, would affect only the wealthy, since poor people would not wonder what they could not buy even though abound. spurious government finally relented and in August a neutral representative sat with the permission of Aristide in the presidential chair. The embargoes were lifted and a new peacekeeping mission was ready to land on the island. Over time, the violence in Haiti showed that it would be difficult to resolve the crisis through peaceful means, such gray horizon, obscured an even greater degree by the mockery of the government of Haiti a los últimos acuerdos internacionales, derivó en la restitución de los bloqueos y el endurecimiento de la postura internacional, como ejemplo, EEUU bloqueó militarmente los mares de Haití. Recrudecida la situación, la trama desembocó en un evento sin precedentes, por primera vez la ONU echaría mano de fuerzas armadas para disolver un régimen golpista, también por primera vez EEUU se disponía a atacar a un gobierno alineado al « American way » para, en contra de sus políticas, favorecer a otro que de alguna manera era percibido como de oposición (o de menos alternativo). En este tenor pudo influir el entonces reciente cierre del escabroso capítulo de la Cold War.

intervention began in September, did not find much resistance because the Haitian government had hastened to negotiate with American power. Many of the coup leaders were dismissed and fled to seek refuge outside the borders. Aristide returned to his homeland on October 15, 1994, accompanied by an entourage of American leadership. There were demonstrations of joy by the people.

In November, restored Aristide to the presidency called on the Vatican release of his priestly duties, I was granted at last that such a split was something that also Catholic hierarchy wanted high. Around the same time a cousin of the president, who also was an officer and politician, was assassinated by an armed group. At the funeral, blinded by the pain the former priest gave a speech in which he called the faithful to justice fincar multinational coalition that had failed to do. He then takes several wealthy homes, were no casualties in the assaults.

probably as compensation to the powers which had received much support, the steps the president began to take away from the leftism, gave rise to the debts contracted privatization and tax free marketing agencies (eg IMF). Those actions claimed a quota policy when some of its allies began to work against.

Aristide and his cabinet managed to circumvent the adversity and reached late of his term in office.

Ten years later, the evangelist once again to run for the presidency, this time its possible contenders boycotted the elections since the considered fraudulent in such a way Aristide was presented alone, the international consensus echoed the claim fraud and illegality, then decided to discontinue its hegemony financial support to Haiti until they demonstrate their adherence to the principles of democracy. This was only the beginning of the decline ... Resurfaced coup attempts, this time the company of nations did not lift a finger to stop them. Therefore, Aristide's presidency went to left-wing governments as ruled by Fidel Castro and Hugo Chavez, acting to increase the animosity of global hegemony and settled the government popularity between the moderate sectors of the population.

The blasts came to a head on January 1, 2004, in full celebration of the bicentennial of Haitian independence. There were mass demonstrations demanding the resignation of the president, the protests continued and the course of days; the capital was stained with blood, the dead were counted by tens; befell killings as of Sciere . Armed groups without a clear political affiliation began to take control of neighborhoods. The anarchy and eventually growing opposition to Aristide and his cabinet backs to the wall. Inevitably, as discerned from weeks before the regime fell. According to the version of the Left, the episode was the result of a plot by a collusion of conservative neoliberal Haitians and foreign powers. The conservative version of the failure referred to the incompetence of the administration Aristides. Howsoever, the priest several decades earlier had instigated the masses to rebel, now it was ousted by a revolt.

who took over, Boniface Alexandre, sought help from United Nations to support peace, support the organization did not take long and a mission of international forces arrived in the country. That force, transformed into the UN Mission for Stabilization in Haiti (MINUSTAH ), after seven years still have interference in the Caribbean country. The breakdown of the mission has caused prejudice to the natives, even unnerved the country's development [4].

Jean-Bertrand Aristide today lives in exile in South Africa, from where he expresses his desire to return to their homeland [5].

Notes and sources:

Saturday, January 15, 2011

How To Freeze Natural Yogurt

Travel to Africa

Monday I go to Africa, return March.
We plan pass Morocco, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Benin on our Land Rover.
All the story - after.

Sunday, January 9, 2011

Funnycell Phone Messages

Nicaragua: blood and fire

I read in the world ephemeris the January 6, 1927 Marine United States invaded Nicaragua. I wanted to know the story, so I wanted to texts about and prepared to read to me carefully, and soon I was hooked and reading I decided to read a previous topic ..., then a further ... until, without letting me know as intended, I ended up in league Nicaraguan history from independence until the twenty-first century.

gladly share the summary that I created in my reading. I confess I came to despair in their manufacture, since it was unable to organize the events, read and reread and still not reached a higher level of understanding, I feared that my learning ability was diminishing ... But now I give the finishing touches, I realize that Nicaraguan history turns out, by analogy with "taxonomies" fine arts, baroque narrative, so their development swirling and depth in its details.

, the history ... begins just below.

NICARAGUA: BLOOD AND FIRE

Independence

This Central American country became independent in 1821, but it was not until 1838 which reached its sovereignty. As there are powers that do not respect autonomy ( disvalue that, for the misfortune of disadvantaged nations, is transformed under which emphasizes the privileged position of hegemony), the independent Nicaragua was tarnished for a long time by strangers seeking, in addition to wield its resources, to seize a key stronghold in other strategic zone.

Channel

The interference of the powers, though inaugurated by the English and British in the conquest, from abound after 1847, when it planned the construction of a canal that would unite the waters of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The apparent profitability of the project, its ability to produce profuse wealth, attracted the British, who, putting aside his scruples, invaded the Nicaraguan town of San Juan del Norte where he was likely to lead to the river work.

was in 1850 when the United States and Britain agreed-disdaining the government of Nicaragua, the most affected, shared use of the future inter-oceanic route. This outrage shook the minds of Nicaraguans. Mercenaries

The quarrels between liberal and conservative groups trounced the daily life of the Nicaragua of the mid-nineteenth century. In order to give a blow unbeatable rivals, the Liberals in 1855 resorted to the controversial step of hiring foreign mercenaries, including the command of William Walker adventurer, took over the entire country. Walker was erected president ... during his regime gave rise to slavery-in vogue in the U.S., and tried unsuccessfully to annex Nicaragua to the North American power.

few years later an alliance centromericana ended his torrid administration in 1857. Intervention

tade Decades, in 1893, a Liberal, José Santos Zelaya , came to power, what the U.S. was not welcome because he supported the Conservatives, therefore, began to harass Central American country militarily. In 1907 he took to force the Gulf of Fonseca biennium and then taking the execution in Nicaragua of U.S. mercenaries as a pretext, he ordered his sailors to disembark. In 1910, the power achieved its mission to dethrone Santos Zelaya, instead imposing a puppet government headed by Adolfo Díaz . The Nicaraguan people, injured, try to curb the interference ... is up in arms ... The battle rages on in 1912. A treaty is signed disadvantageous for Latinos two years later, starring the then minister plenipotentiary Emiliano Chamorro and the government in power. The contract, known as the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty gives U.S. the right to construct and operate in perpetuity the work.

Wartime

a result of both internal and external pressures, the U.S. is bordered to dislodge his forces. This in 1925.

comes to power Carlos José Solórzano ... without delay a coup to overthrow it and hovers Emiliano Chamorro. Although Solorzano resigned to his fate, Vice President Juan Bautista Sacasa seeking asylum in Mexico and from there proclaimed Constitutional President of Nicaragua. The Mexican government helps to arm Chamorro [Mexico] and he appointed a general of his forces José María Moncada, who, at the ultimately going to sit in the presidential chair. The power struggles lighted fields and streets, rumpus that was the excuse for U.S. troops will return to "pacify." Adolfo Díaz was imposed again as president, beginning a second term more than a decade over the first. Moncada and his army moved through Nicaragua achieving triumphs that made him nervous to Washington, is when he decides to sign a deal with the uprising. In 1927, Moncada and the representative of hegemony, Henry Stimpson, concluded the Pact of Espino Black , legitimizing the puppet government, ordered the disarmament and they would call an election to be supervised by the foreign army. The elections, General Moncada access to the presidency. Many of the guerrilla leaders who initially opposed points of the pact submissive, end up laying down their weapons in exchange for broad prerogatives.

Augusto Sandino

Among the few warriors who rejected the peace accommodative count the legendary Augusto Nicolas Calderon Sandino , in whose honor the name will be given to the liberation forces that distinguish the entire stage revolutionary feat. Once declared war against the new regime, the forces of Sandino taken as standard the liberal red flag, but crossed by a black stripe, in an allegory set the fight for freedom that will only ceased at the death [Sandino]. Augusto Sandino

worked from 1921 to 1926 as a pawn away from Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala and Mexico witnessed its tiring days. With the proceeds purchased the weapons later would use in their many battles. United States had made its sailors disembark on the shores of both oceans and had been neutral in these areas if they were attacked by anyone, the act would be considered a declaration of war, it was the drop that overflowed the glass, at which time Sandino decided join the resistance ... but it was well received, was diverted from its original plan and he and other rebels came together to form an army, organizing it in its fullness, thanks to the volunteers who came even from abroad attracted by the fame of the guerrilla [Sandino] came to pick up some 6 000 fighters [Sandino]. The agency called the Army for the Defense of National Sovereignty ( EDSN ).

their first confrontation since realized the guerrilla tactics and weapons superiority of his enemy, because it decided to depart from conventional warfare methods and adhering to the "guerrilla warfare . " Washington foresaw the change in direction and in an attempt to counter its effects, formed to counter-command who trained and provisioned (of which later would become the disastrous National Guard). After resounding successes of the guerrillas, exemplary of the Bramadero, foreign soldiers, previously referred to their enemies as "bandits", began to define its essence and referring to them as "guerrillas." U.S. in 1929 suffered the effects of incipient Great Depression, the crisis led to the government to look desperately for ways to cut their budgets significantly. More invasive problems the tenacity of the rebels enough so that those retreating, however, had not earned victory for free: about five hundred fighting had been delivered from 1927 to 1934 [Stanford], almost no home in Nicaragua that mourn the loss of a loved one, the country carrying a huge debt ...

Farewell to hero

Before sailing the U.S. government made an unconditional Nicaraguan orders, Anastasio Somoza García , head of the closest thing to an army that the country was: Guard National. Juan Sacasa was recognized as president and receives Sandino a peace proposal, which accepts. In such a situation the insurgents laid down their arms. The National Guard took their former enemies were powerless to retaliate and violate their rights. Augusto Sandino in person travels to Managua to denounce the crimes and seek to end, Somoza realizes that the guerrilla, while he lived, even times of peace arrived, he would always be a powerful enemy. That is how had him killed.

The leader is arrested along with several reliable men are taken to an isolated spot and there are executed shot. Occurred on February 21, 1934.

After the murder National Guard attacked several former guerrillas, perhaps to weaken them and prevent any retaliation. Socrates Sandino younger brother is killed in one attack. Somoza seems even said that the order to kill the rebel leader was received from the U.S. government.

A monarchy in the twentieth century Latin America

Two years later the head of the National Guard to the US-lazy eye defenestrated the current president, Juan Sacasa, to be elected president in a untrustworthy elections. On arrival of Somoza crimping the first link in the dynastic chain, in close alliance with the United States would rule based and enough tough tyranny for over 40 years. The stock Somoza lands captured wholesale, businesses and properties in general. Accumulated so much wealth.

In 1956, the dictator who was chatting at a party in his honor, was shot dead by poet Rigoberto López Pérez . Buddies of the executed, blinded by rabid paranoia, brutally repressed the people.

Luis Somoza Debayle

, alias "Tacho" a son of the tyrant just shot, then took his turn at the presidency. This Somoza died in 1967. He was succeeded by a government associated with the family that occupied the political summit by the following four years. The Somoza regain direct control of the nation upon being given to other heirs of Anastasio Somoza Garcia, this time Anastasio Somoza Debayle ("Tachito"), title Constitutional President of Nicaragua.

The way that it is concerned, the dynastic regime continued to scratch the 80's.

dictatorship and hegemony, symbionts

During the "monarchy" Somoza they had no qualms about showing their subordination to the U.S. government, then the attack on Pearl Harbor, for example, entered the Central American country, even his bulky ballast Financial World War II, just as nations send troops to the resident in which any rival U.S. hegemony dared raise their rifles, machetes or even their hoes. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Dominican Republic and Panama suffered first hand the aggressiveness of Somoza. Further evidence of attachment of the Somoza to U.S. hegemony was in 1961, the year of Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua, sailed around legions who tried to destroy the government of Fidel Castro in Cuba, at term, the central United States intelligence ( CIA), the sponsor of the invasion, was one of the loudest defeats in its history that is stored chapter in the annals history under the heading of " the Bay of Pigs invasion ." There no evidence of attachment end of the dictatorship in Nicaragua to the United States: in 1967, that provided troops to fight on the side of its ally Vietnam.

In return for these favors, helped power the dynasty to hold on to power, coming, as we have seen, to bring its powerful navy to keep out the uprisings of ordinary people. Sandino

raises ...

Flying back to the early 60 we place the birth of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN ), an armed group founded EDSN by survivors who sought to stop the endless pit tyranny of the Somoza blood. This guerrillas gradually got stronger and more successful. In 1976 the front was split into several streams without reducing the sympathy aroused in the people. Joaquin Chamorro, the opposition politician and journalist, is killed by the authorities. The killings, rape, abuse, poverty of the majority ... created the conditions for the outbreak. The civil war begins.

The achievements of the guerrillas succeed, some important as taking the National Palace in Managua in 1978, which drove him to the government to release political prisoners. In 1979 it came time for the "final battle" of the FSLN derivative armies met in order to join forces. The uprising was brutally repressed. In cases where the State bombed populations was clear that only civilians.

At the setting of conflict, the revolt began to exceed the capacity of the Nicaraguan authorities and "Tachito" July 17, left the country heading into exile. A year later he was shot rifle and bazooka fire in the hands of the Argentine People's Revolutionary Army (ERP ).

The July 19, 1979 Sandinista revolution is consummated; popular armies triumphantly entered Managua, the National Guard surrenders. A governing board, whose members were the guerrilla leader Daniel Ortega and Violeta Barrios (widow of the late journalist Chamorro), rises to power. (The above would be in the future, each in his turn, president of Nicaragua). Counterinsurgency

The revolutionary triumph did not mean the beginning of a peasant and proletarian paradise ... but in practice was to lead efforts to improve the situation of the masses especially in basic literacy, health, education, labor and land reform. Classes missed el régimen extinto, incluidos empresarios multimillonarios y altos mandos de la vieja Guardia, abandonaron el país y, desde el confort del exilio, empezaron a organizarse y a proyectar un golpe contra el incipiente gobierno popular. En su senda fueron apoyados por Estados Unidos, primeramente por la administración de Reagan que fue relevada luego por la de Bush padre. El gobierno revolucionario tenía cierta influencia marxista-leninista, además de que era cercano al gobierno cubano, Washington simplemente no iba a permitir que otra nación latinoamericana absorbiera las políticas de la -en esos momentos- poderosa Unión Soviética (que baste recordar que el mundo era estremecido en esos días por la Guerra Fría .)

Thus, in a newborn 80's, the era of " against."

The resources accumulated by the counter were inflating, arriving at some point to put in check the enemy. The situation of the Sandinistas fell when he went to reload most of the burden of defense on the shoulders enervated the people, the crowd eventually bow and feel some animosity by their leaders. According to one version, the Sandinista Police captured people for that, even against their will, they fight from their side [a].

The U.S. interventionist tricks were effective to the extent that the government of Nicaragua had to spend half of its budget on military spending. Deplorable

were the costs of this war. Approximately 60 000 people died [Stanford] ... Lost assets whose value was estimated at 178 billion dollars [Stanford] ... The country was on the verge of collapse.

United States is found

The Nicaraguan nation suffered greatly as to their fate, the intrusion of U.S. power could no longer be ignored by the international community. The global consensus began to be biased in favor of weak contender in the conflict. In Europe formed bodies established programs to assist in the rapid development of Nicaragua.

The growing protests came to echo in the international court in The Hague, the judge, after weighing the actions of the empire, ruled that it should immediately suspend its sponsorship of the resistance. Obviously, the power did not heed the verdict.

In this situation the government of Nicaragua made a move that came as a surprise to counter collusion: electoral democracy. According to the government, international observers would be welcome to witness the impending democratic exercise. Elections occurred in 1984. The Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega was elected, though, in fact, he was president.

political scandal

Disdaining step towards democracy recently made by Nicaragua, the U.S. enacted an embargo against the nation. President Ortega was quick to declare a state of emergency, thus came the suspension of civil rights.

Within this context, the U.S. government is going to lead to a political crisis that will cause a stir in the world: the event, referred to as "Iran-Contra " starts when you unravel the direct funding to counter Washington Sandinista. The action violated international law whenever Ortega had come to power through democratic means. More dimmed the outlook for the U.S. when it was revealed how the funding was being covered up: Washington was selling large volumes of weapons to Iran, at that time engaged in a bloody war against Iraq, "thus violating a" boycott of security 'seal by the UN. As expected, strong protests in international forums followed.

After the storm ...

international pressure to bring peace to Central America, El Salvador and Guatemala also suffered wars, as well as rapprochement with late Sandinista government dialogue on the 'against', flourished in 1990, and ended in a truce and programming of future elections. The National Opposition Union (UNO ) motley alliance of political currents, gained electoral victory, in the person of Violeta Barrios. Daniel Ortega conceded defeat and congratulated the new president. A group of alliance winning, being in disagreement with some of the actions implemented by Barrios in its infancy, defined as splintered opposition political force. The president sought to improve the country's relations with Washington, which upset their age who had experienced the assault of the invader. Barrios administration tried to return property expropriated during the Sandinista administration to its previous owners, most wealthy, but the return was impossible, since the popular organizations, the current owners felt they had paid more than any good, sweat and blood, for his services during the war.

On subsequent ballots, the right options continued to be favored by popular suffrage.

In 2007, the course took a turn and Nicaraguan Sandinista Daniel Ortega was once again elected president of Nicaragua.

Notes and sources:
  1. [Mexico] The Covenant of Black Thorn - Guido Clemente, El Nuevo Diario: http://archivo.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2000/agosto/11-agosto -2000/opinion/opinion3.html
  2. [Sandino] Augusto Cesar Sandino - Wikipedia: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusto_C._Sandino
  3. [Stanford] Timeline: Nicaragua - Stanford University: http://www.stanford.edu/group/arts/nicaragua/discovery_sp/timeline/index.html
  4. [a] National Opposition Union - Wikipedia: http://es .wikipedia.org / wiki / Uni% C3% B3n_Nacional_Opositora
  5. Nicaragua: A stormy history - Nodo50: http://www.nodo50.org/espanica/histonica.html
  6. San Juan del Norte, Nicaragua - José Luis González Jiménez Tania Penha ; Nicaragua Caribbean Invaders, a chronology of events ; Manfut.org: http://www.manfut.org/juan/juan.html
  7. Emiliano Chamorro - Wikipedia: http:// es.wikipedia.org / wiki / Emiliano_Chamorro

Saturday, January 1, 2011

Where Are Oakley Manufactured

The massacre of October 30, 1960

[1]

On the date stated in the title, about 19 people [2] were killed in Chilpancingo, Guerrero. The perpetrators: Mexican Army soldiers.

In the months before the crime, came from various student movements demanding that the State College was transformed into an autonomous university, also demanded an increase the government subsidy to the campus and dismissal of the rector, who had been issued by the Governor . With students, was popular mining organizations expressed opposition to despotism and corruption of government, among those groups, the rural nature led by the famous Genaro Vazquez, who eventually went to radicalize their struggle and become a guerrilla. State authority, headed by Raúl Caballero Aburto, a general who graduated from the Escuela Superior de Guerra, responded with a heavy hand to popular demands, which, in the specific case of students, led to harden its position, to convene the strike and took to the facilities of his alma mater. The army, on orders from the state administration, was sent to the institution to besiege it. In the month of October.

The student rebellion, official repression ... flared Guerrero's feelings, so they were born and revived popular reactions others before allayed. The group claims weight was just lifted like solution state powers. On 10 November the case a sum of forces that led to the creation of the Coalition of Popular Organizations (COP), whose list of demands includes, in addition to the above disappearance of powers, the prosecution of Caballero Aburto and the banning of large estates . On the anniversary of the revolution, tens of thousands of people (perhaps 10 000 and ran the newspaper La Prensa [3]) is gathered to show their support for the newly established People's Association [4].

came from the COP as taking decisive actions of municipalities. For the day of tragedy and 17's were taken. In the city of Iguala was blown up a car. [5]

The tragedy took place on Friday when it first was filled by noon, not knowing why a soldier shot and killed Enrique Flores, an electrician who participated in the demonstration and support connecting hanging blankets and sound equipment. As expected, the bad news spread quickly jumping from one individual to another as infection, after all, an angry crowd gathered at the mall Granados Maldonado. The army, more specifically a section of the Infantry Battalion XXIV [4] - went without delay to the place. The collective resistance. Unusually, not knowing why as in the case of the first murder, the soldiers opened fire on civilians ... About 19 citizens were killed by bullets paid contributions equal citizenship.

Less than a week consummated the crime, the Senate exercised one of its highest authority and ordered the termination of the powers of the state of Guerrero and appointed the interim. The new administration, Arturo Martínez Adame at the forefront, made specific actions to ease tensions in the state, the key was the release of students and other civilians caught in the assault. To the same effect compromise and allowed ousted president la formación de un consejo que, a la postre, daría los primeros pasos en pos de la cimentación de la que, años adelante, sería la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero.

A casi 50 años de la matanza, la UAG, aunque autónoma de nombre, padece de intromisiones políticas [6] al igual que muchas de sus hermanas en los diferentes estados, a pesar de que, por ley, debieran ser impermeables a las mareas políticas. Ello afecta la educación de millones de estudiantes quienes son, por antonomasia, el «futuro de México».

Notas y fuentes:
  1. Las Mujeres de Chilpancingo --David Alfaro Siqueiros; Lozzano Art:  http://lozzanoart.blogspot.com/2009/04/david-alfaro-siqueiros.html
  2. The exact number of casualties is unknown, however, the figures given by recognized institutions such as UAG, ranging between 17 and 19 [4]. In the documentary included in an item listed below [3], mentions that the victims included men, women and children.
  3. History - Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero: http://www.uagro.mx/template/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6&Itemid=14
  4. student-popular movement 1960 in Chilpancingo - Wikipedia: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_estudiantil-popular_de_1960_en_Chilpancingo Raul Caballero
  5. beat rector and this caused the conflict in 1960: Jorge Vielma - The South http://www.suracapulco.com.mx/anterior/2003/diciembre/29/politica.htm
  6. family gather fallen and student movement leaders, 1960 - Juan Cervantes Gómez, El Universal: http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/471163.html
  7. The massacre of December 30, 1960 - Cuauhtémoc Sandoval Deputies: http://www.diputados.gob.mx/cedia/biblio/virtual/dip/guerretrans/22_matanza.pdf
  8. Raúl Caballero Aburto - Wikipedia: http://es. wikipedia.org / wiki / Ra% C3% BAl_Caballero_Aburto